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Articles 18-20 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (II) (hereinafter referred to as Interpretation II of the Company Law) adopt liquidation responsibility, liquidation responsibility and joint and several liquidation responsibility for the liquidation (non-bankruptcy liquidation only) of companies (only limited liability companies).

This paper only discusses the type of joint and several liability of liquidation obligor stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 18 of Interpretation II of Company Law, which belongs to the category of liquidation liability. A certain consensus has been reached on the subject scope of liquidation obligor, whether the statute of limitations is applicable, the legal basis of liability and the type of liability. The author uses the key words "disputes over the liability of shareholders for damaging the interests of creditors of the company" and "Article 18, paragraph 2 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Provisions on the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (II)", and searches in No Litigation and China Judgment Document Network, with a total of 948 cases; Then the keyword "limitation of action" was used to search in the above results, with a total of 138 cases; Then the keyword "beyond the limitation of action" was searched in the results, and there were 103 cases. It is found that the focus of disputes involving shareholders’ joint and several liability in practice is mainly whether the creditor claims that shareholders bear joint and several liability exceeds the limitation of action; The core of judging whether the limitation of action is exceeded is to determine the starting point of the limitation of action.

Regrettably, courts at all levels have different opinions on the starting point of determining the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company, and it is not uncommon for courts to pass different judgments on similar cases. The root of this phenomenon is that the starting point of our legislation during the limitation of action is a principled provision, which adopts subjective standards, that is, counting from the day when the right holder knows or should know that the right has been damaged and the obligor lacks uniform applicable rules in practice. This paper aims to provide a solution for China’s Company Law to solve this problem, taking into account the balance of shareholders’ limited liability, independent personality of the company and creditors’ interests, exploring the "general+typology" identification standard of shareholders’ joint and several liability, and exerting the power of typology. In the field of non-performing assets, shareholders of a company often fail to perform or improperly perform liquidation obligations, which seriously damages creditors’ rights and interests to recover creditor’s rights, and frequently leads to disputes over shareholders’ joint and several liability for liquidation when the company cannot be liquidated. It is helpful to study the typology of the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability for liquidation of shareholders of a company.

First, empirical research: "different judgments on similar cases" in the case law.

After searching the court cases at all levels, when determining the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company, "different judgments on similar cases" are common and have different reasons. What is more serious is that the same court and the same presiding judge have two completely different judgments on similar cases in a short period of time.

In the first category, some courts hold that the limitation period of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company should be counted from the date of promulgation of Interpretation II of the Company Law, that is, May 19, 2008. The reason is: regarding the tort civil liability caused by the liquidation obligor’s delay in performing his obligations, the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (II), which came into effect on May 19, 2008, has been clarified, and the company’s creditors can claim the civil liability from the shareholders because of their delay in liquidation obligations. At this time, the applicant, as the company’s creditor, has the right to request the company’s shareholders to bear the corresponding civil liability. Therefore, his right to claim is from 2000.

Secondly, some courts hold that the limitation period of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company should be counted from 15 days after the date of knowing that the company has been revoked. The reason is that the Company Law stipulates that a liquidation group shall be established within 15 days from the date when the company is revoked. If the liquidation group is not established within the time limit, the creditor has the right to apply to the court to appoint a person to set up the liquidation group. The creditor should know that the shareholders are lazy in performing the liquidation obligations, so the limitation period of action should be counted from 15 days after the date when the company is revoked.

Third, some courts hold that if a creditor makes an order to terminate the compulsory liquidation after applying for compulsory liquidation by the court, the creditor should know the fact that the debtor company cannot be liquidated at this time, so the limitation period of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of the company should be counted from the date when the court makes an order to terminate the compulsory liquidation.

Fourth, some courts hold that there is no statute of limitations for creditors to claim joint and several liability to shareholders according to Article 18, paragraph 2 of Interpretation II of the Company Law, when they cannot know the fact that the debtor’s company can’t be liquidated, that is, whether it can be liquidated is uncertain and the right of claim has not been established.

Fifth, some courts hold that the fact that creditors know or should know that the company’s shareholders are slow to perform liquidation obligations, resulting in the loss of the company’s main property, account books, important documents, etc., and it is impossible to carry out liquidation should be borne by shareholders. If shareholders cannot prove that creditors know or should know, they should bear the consequences of failing to prove, that is, if shareholders cannot prove, there will be no problem of exceeding the limitation of action.

Sixth, some courts hold that the creditor knows or should know that the company’s rights and interests have been damaged due to shareholders’ laziness in liquidation when the court makes a ruling to terminate execution or terminate this execution ruling or terminate bankruptcy proceedings, and can’t prove that it can’t be liquidated, so the limitation period for creditors to claim their rights is calculated from the time when the court makes a ruling to terminate execution or terminate this execution ruling or terminate bankruptcy proceedings.

Undoubtedly, although there are different arguments and judgments in local courts, most of them emphasize that the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company should start from the fact that creditors know or should know that shareholders of the company are slow to perform liquidation obligations, resulting in the loss of the company’s main property, account books, important documents, etc., and the fact that liquidation cannot be carried out should occur before or at the same time as the starting point. The main reason for different judgments lies in the fact that the creditor knows or should know that the shareholders who have happened or happened immediately are lazy in liquidation and unable to liquidate, and some courts will make inaccurate judgments because of different understandings of the "facts" that they know or should know.

After searching, the author found that the court showed the following trends in the trial: First, if the creditor has applied for compulsory liquidation of the debtor company, and the court has made a ruling on the termination of compulsory liquidation for reasons that cannot be liquidated, the court tends to take the time when making a ruling on the termination of compulsory liquidation as the starting point when trying the creditor’s claim for joint and several liability to shareholders; Second, the court pays more attention to the fact that creditors know and should know. Third, in view of the burden of proof of facts that creditors know or should know, the court has adopted the phenomenon of inversion of burden of proof. It should be pointed out that the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company should start from the fact that creditors know or should know that shareholders of the company are slow to perform liquidation obligations, resulting in the loss of the company’s main property, account books, important documents, etc., and it is impossible to carry out liquidation. However, judges have greater discretion as to what facts can be determined that creditors know or should know, without clear legal provisions. In order to solve the creditor’s relief dilemma, correct the alienation of judgment, curb the abuse of discretion and safeguard the court’s judgment authority, it is necessary to make efforts to unify the judgment rules, enhance the practicality and explore the types of starting points.

Second, the innovation of judicial ideas: from creditor protectionism to interest balance

The system of limitation of action should carry out purposeful value judgment, and the existence of the system of limitation of action revolves around the conflicts of several value interests. If we want to pursue justice, we should build on the balance of various value goals and balance and coordinate the interests of all parties in order to resolve their ethical conflicts. The litigation system aims to maintain the balance of multiple values such as creditors, debtors and social order.

Specific to the design of the starting point of the limitation of action for the joint and several liability of shareholders of a company, it is not only to protect the interests of creditors, but also to implement the multiple values of balancing the limited liability of shareholders, the independent personality of legal persons, the interests of creditors and social order. The existing principle of starting the limitation period of action adopts the subjective standard of the creditor, which is based on the fact that the creditor knows or should know, and is not affected by the actual occurrence time of the infringing fact. However, when the maximum limitation period of action is 20 years, it is based on the starting time of the infringing fact, which is actually safeguarding the balance of interests of all parties. To implement the multiple values such as balancing the limited liability of shareholders, the independent personality of legal persons, the interests of creditors and social order, we should respect the principle of starting from the limitation period, and also type the starting point to mediate the value conflict. Typing the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company is undoubtedly the response to implementing the purposeful value judgment. In other words, the court should carry out the judgment to balance the limited liability of shareholders, the independent personality of legal persons, the interests of creditors and the social order, and avoid neglecting the interests of one party.

Third, suggestions for improvement: the standard of "general+typology" for determining the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company.

Any construction of the statute of limitations system from the perspective of protecting creditors, debtors or social interests fails to accurately implement the multi-value purpose of the statute of limitations to balance the interests of all parties, and so does the starting point of the statute of limitations for joint and several liability of shareholders of the company. Typing the starting point can effectively solve practical problems. China is a written law country, and court decisions are based on the law, which needs to be determined and embodied by the legislature through amending the Company Law or the relevant judicial interpretation issued by the Supreme People’s Court.

(a) the "general rules" of the starting point of the limitation of action for the joint and several liability of shareholders of the company

China’s General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that the starting point of the limitation period of ordinary litigation is "from the time when you know or should know that your rights have been infringed", and at the same time, it limits the maximum limitation period of 20 years to "from the date when your rights have been infringed". The current "General Principles of Civil Law" has revised the system of limitation of action, and Article 188 stipulates that the starting point of the limitation period of ordinary action is "from the day when the obligee knows or should know that the right has been damaged and the obligor. If there are other provisions in the law, it shall be in accordance with its provisions ",that is, on the basis of the original provisions, the words" know or should know the obligor "and" if there are other provisions in the law, it shall be in accordance with its provisions "are added. Its legislative purpose is to strengthen the protection of creditors and embody the spirit of the principle of being able to exercise; On the other hand, it shows that the law considers the special situation in the real society.

The "general rule" structure of the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company is the concrete application result of the starting point of the limitation of action in the General Principles of Civil Law. Combined with Interpretation II of the Company Law and the Supreme People’s Court No.2 People’s Court’s Reply on Asking for Instructions on the Limitation of Action for Creditors’ Claims on Shareholders’ Liability for Liquidation Compensation (2014) Miner Zi No.16, the limitation of action for shareholders’ joint and several liability for liquidation of a company should start from the date when creditors know or should know that shareholders are slow to liquidate, the company’s main property, account books and important documents are lost, and liquidation obligations cannot be carried out. This is the "general rule" of the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of the company.

(2) "Typed rules" for the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of the company.

Considering that the law stipulates that the liquidation obligations of a limited liability company are all shareholders (including actual controllers), a consensus has been reached in practice. Although some scholars in the academic field believe that the subject scope of liquidation obligor should be defined as the company’s directors and controlling shareholders according to the standard of "having a dominant influence on the company’s management", there is still room for application until it is clearly stipulated by law. Because the shareholders of the company publicize it to the outside world, creditors can inquire at any time, and the time when creditors know or should know should be regarded as the day when the rights are infringed. Therefore, the fact that creditors know or should know the "liquidation obligor" is unique and there is no typology problem. Therefore, this paper only focuses on the typology of three starting points, namely, the creditors know or should know that shareholders are lazy in liquidation, the company’s main property, account books and important documents are lost, and liquidation cannot be carried out. It should be noted that the starting point of the limitation period for shareholders of a company to bear joint and several liabilities for liquidation is not the starting point of any fact that creditors know or should know about "shareholders are lazy in liquidation", "the company’s main property, account books and important documents are lost" and "liquidation obligor cannot be liquidated", but as a whole, creditors know or should know about "shareholders are lazy in liquidation" and "the company’s main property and account books".

1. The creditor knows or should know the "typology rule" of the starting point of "shareholders’ delay in liquidation"

According to Article 181 of the Company Law, there are five reasons for the dissolution of the company, namely: (1) the business term stipulated in the articles of association expires or other reasons for dissolution stipulated in the articles of association appear; (2) The shareholders’ meeting or the shareholders’ meeting decides to dissolve; (3) The company needs to be dissolved due to merger or division; (4) Its business license has been revoked, ordered to close down or revoked according to law; (5) The people’s court shall dissolve it in accordance with the provisions of Article 183 of this Law. Where the company is dissolved in accordance with the provisions of items (1), (2), (4) and (5), a liquidation group shall be established within 15 days from the date of the occurrence of the reasons for dissolution according to Article 184 of the Company Law, and the liquidation obligations shall be fulfilled.

Based on the different reasons for the dissolution of the company, creditors know or should know that the starting point of "shareholders’ delay in liquidation" is different. Generally speaking, it can be classified into the following types: First, if the company is revoked, ordered to close down or cancelled according to law, the liquidation group will not be established for a long time, and creditors know or should know that the starting point of "shareholders’ delay in liquidation" should start from 15 days after the company’s business license is revoked, ordered to close down or cancelled. Because the company’s business license is revoked, ordered to close down or revoked according to law, it should be publicized to the public, and creditors can inquire through public channels, and they cannot plead ignorance. Second, if the company’s business license is revoked, it is ordered to close down or be cancelled according to law, a liquidation group shall be organized within a certain period of time, but there are other behaviors (such as the obligation to properly keep the company’s property, account books and important documents), or it belongs to the first, second and fifth cases. As all the above situations are internal factors, the creditor, as a third party, has no way of knowing. Generally speaking, there is no problem of exceeding the limitation of action. If the creditor has filed a lawsuit in accordance with Article 18, paragraph 2 of Interpretation II of the Company Law and then withdraws the lawsuit, it shall be counted from the date when the court makes a ruling to allow the withdrawal of the lawsuit; If the shareholder has sufficient evidence to prove that the creditor knows that the shareholder has the obligation to be lazy in liquidation, it shall be counted from the date when the creditor actually knows that the shareholder is lazy in liquidation. Some scholars have pointed out that China can build a commercial registration system for company dissolution and liquidation, break the information barrier between shareholders and creditors, and realize information symmetry.For example, Germany, Japan and other countries outside the country stipulate that after the dissolution of a company, it should declare commercial registration to a specific institution within a certain period of time.

2. The creditor knows or should know the "typology rules" of the starting point of "loss of the company’s main property, account books, important documents, etc."

The loss of the company’s main property, account books and important documents is also an internal matter of the company, and creditors have no way to know it under normal circumstances, but there are also the following special circumstances. First, there has been a lawsuit dispute between the creditor and the debtor company or the debtor company has entered bankruptcy proceedings. If the court makes a final execution ruling or terminates this execution ruling or bankruptcy proceedings based on the loss of the company’s main property, the creditor knows or should know that the company may have lost its main property, account books, important documents, etc. due to shareholders’ laziness in liquidation, so the limitation period for creditors to claim their rights is counted from the date when the court makes a final execution ruling or terminates this execution ruling or terminates bankruptcy proceedings. Second, if the shareholders have evidence to prove that the creditors have actually known the loss of the company’s main property, account books, important documents, etc., if the shareholders have informed the creditors by written letter that they can’t repay their debts due to the loss of the company’s property, the fact that the creditors know or should know that "the company’s main property, account books, important documents, etc." is counted from the date of the shareholders’ actual proof.

3. The creditor knows or should know the "typology rule" of the starting point of "unable to liquidate"

In practice, there are six main criteria for the court to determine that a company can’t be liquidated: First, it can’t provide any property, account books and important documents; Second, account books and important documents are untrue and incomplete; Third, the whereabouts of company personnel, account books and important documents are unknown; Fourth, the property is not enough to pay the liquidation expenses; The fifth is the loss of main property; Sixth, it is cancelled without liquidation. The company’s "inability to liquidate" essentially involves accounting and auditing issues. Unless an authoritative department or institution issues a conclusive document on the company’s "inability to liquidate", creditors will not know. Theoretically, there is controversy about the subject of the company’s "inability to liquidate". Some people think that the subject of the company’s "inability to liquidate" should be comprehensively judged by the court in combination with auditing and other relevant units; Some people believe that the determination of the company’s "inability to liquidate" is a professional issue, and the liquidation audit report issued by the audit and accounting shall prevail. At this point, the starting point for creditors to know or should know that "liquidation is impossible" can be classified as follows. First, the creditors or shareholders have applied to the court for compulsory liquidation of the company, and the court has made a ruling to terminate the compulsory liquidation on the grounds that it is impossible to liquidate. Except that the shareholders can prove that the creditors have known that the company has been unable to liquidate due to the loss of the company’s main property, account books and important documents, the creditors know or should know that the starting point of "unable to liquidate" should be counted from the day after the ruling takes effect. Second, creditors or shareholders have not applied to the court for compulsory liquidation of the company, but the liquidation team has hired a professional accounting firm to conduct liquidation audit of the company.If the liquidation audit report issued by an accounting firm concludes that it is impossible to liquidate, and the liquidation team has notified the known creditors in writing and published it in influential newspapers at the national or provincial level according to the size and business area of the company (refer to Article 21 of Interpretation II of the Company Law), it shall be deemed that the creditors know or should know the fact that the company is "unable to liquidate". Third, if the liquidation team has hired a professional accounting firm to conduct liquidation audit on the company, but it has not notified the creditors of the liquidation audit report by referring to the provisions of Article 21 of Interpretation II of the Company Law, or there are no cases in the first and second categories, except that shareholders can prove that the creditors know that the company has been unable to liquidate due to the loss of the company’s main property, account books, important documents, etc., the rights of creditors in accordance with Article 18, paragraph 2 of Interpretation II of the Company Law generally do not exist beyond litigation. If the creditor has filed a lawsuit in accordance with Article 18, paragraph 2, of Interpretation II of the Company Law and then withdraws the lawsuit, it shall be counted from the date when the court makes a ruling to allow the withdrawal of the lawsuit.

(3) the applicable relationship between the "general rules" and "typological rules" of the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of the company.

The standard of "general+typology" is adopted as the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders, in order to reconcile the value conflicts of creditors, shareholders’ priority responsibility and social order. Among them, the "general rules" of the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company take the creditor’s rights as the standard, aiming at protecting the creditor’s rights and urging shareholders to actively perform liquidation obligations. The "typological rule" of the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company aims to standardize the judgment rules, avoid the alienation of court judgment, and urge creditors to actively exercise their rights, properly protect shareholders’ limited liability, and maintain social order and investment enthusiasm. The "general rules" and "typological rules" of the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company are not contradictory. The former has principles, guidance, explanation and supplementary functions, while the latter is the concretization of the former, which legalizes some common typical situations. Of course, typology is not a simple enumeration, but also an abstraction and generalization of a kind of behavior in practice, but its abstraction can be almost ignored compared with general provisions. Therefore, the "general rules" and "typed rules" of the starting point of the limitation of action for joint and several liability of shareholders of a company should be integrated to ensure the universality, stability and predictability of the application of legal provisions.

(The author Bing Wang is the executive director of Guangdong Fasheng Law Firm, and Yuan Jianyang is an intern lawyer of Guangdong Fasheng Law Firm.)

　　What is the progress of China’s credit information system construction in recent years? The People’s Bank of China published a column for authoritative interpretation. The column pointed out that in recent years, the People’s Bank of China has followed the principles of rule of law, marketization and science and technology, and made positive progress in promoting the construction of credit information system.

　　Adhere to the orientation of central bank’s basic credit information service and continuously improve service quality and efficiency

　　The column pointed out that the basic database of financial credit information built and operated by the Credit Information Center of the People’s Bank of China has become the most populous credit information collection system in the world. Inquiring about credit reports has become a necessary link for financial institutions to carry out credit business and risk prevention and control, which provides strong support for the sound development of financial services to the real economy. By the end of September, 2023, the basic database of financial credit information had included 1.164 billion information of natural persons and 127 million information of enterprises and other organizations, and multiple inquiry channels such as artificial window, self-service inquiry machine and online inquiry had been built. In September, the average daily query volume was about 14 million times.

　　The Credit Information Center of the People’s Bank of China has continuously expanded its service system to help enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, develop their financing. We continued to improve the accounts receivable financing service platform. By the end of September 2023, the platform had contributed to 470,000 financing transactions with an amount of 20.1 trillion yuan, including 384,000 financing transactions with an amount of 15.7 trillion yuan for small and medium-sized enterprises. We will continue to improve the unified registration and publicity system for movable property financing and provide nationwide movable property financing registration and inquiry services. By the end of September 2023, the system had handled 28.569 million movable property financing registrations and provided 180 million inquiries.

　　Vigorously develop the multi-level credit information market and widely cover the social credit information needs.

　　The column pointed out that the People’s Bank of China adheres to the "government+market" two-wheel drive, and cultivates the credit information market to meet social needs in all directions and at multiple levels.

　　First, actively and steadily develop personal credit reporting agencies. In 2018 and 2020, individual credit agencies Baixing Credit Information Co., Ltd. and Park Dao Credit Information Co., Ltd. were approved, and the two institutions were established in 2023. In September, 28.2 billion credit information services were provided to realize the sharing and application of personal non-credit alternative data. The second is to guide enterprise credit reporting agencies to improve service quality and efficiency. 149 credit reporting agencies for enterprises on record integrate information such as enterprise registration, production and operation, contract performance, and provide products such as credit report, credit score, anti-fraud, joint modeling, decision support, etc., in 2023 1-mdash; In September, 16.4 billion credit information services were provided. The third is to deepen the construction of local credit information platform. Promote the establishment of 30 provincial-level local credit information platforms nationwide, connecting 2,502 local government departments, public utilities and other data source units. 1-mdash in 2023; In September, local credit information platforms helped 1,527,900 enterprises to obtain loans of 5.5 trillion yuan.

　　Actively promote the development of credit rating market and enhance the comprehensive strength and international influence of China’s rating agencies.

　　The column pointed out that the rating system is an important arrangement in the financial market. The People’s Bank of China promotes the development of rating market with institutional management as the core, and constantly enhances the comprehensive strength and international influence of China’s rating agencies.

　　The first is to optimize the credit rating market structure. There are 52 rating agencies for record in China, and a market structure in which various forms of ownership coexist has basically taken shape. 1-mdash in 2023; In September, it provided 17,000 bond market rating and credit market rating services. The second is to steadily promote the opening up of credit ratings. Standard & Poor’s Global Rating Company and Fitch Ratings Co., Ltd. entered the China market in the form of sole proprietorship, while Moody’s Investors Service Company exhibited its business in the form of joint venture. Third, the internationalization process of local rating agencies has achieved initial results, international cooperation and exchanges in rating have become increasingly frequent, and overseas rating business has been continuously expanded. New breakthroughs have been made in overseas regulatory accreditation of local rating agencies. Five rating agencies have won seats in the BRICS Business Council, four rating agencies have joined the Asian Credit Rating Association, and three rating agencies have become members of the International Capital Market Association.

　　Strengthen the supervision of credit reporting in an all-round way and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of information subjects

　　The column pointed out that protecting the legitimate rights and interests of information subjects is the cornerstone of credit reporting work, and it is also an important goal for the People’s Bank of China to carry out credit reporting supervision.

　　The first is to form a legal system of credit information with regulations as the guide and regulations as the main body. In January 2013, after the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Administration of Credit Information Industry, the People’s Bank of China issued a series of regulations, such as the Measures for the Administration of Credit Information Institutions, the Measures for the Administration of Credit Information Business and the Interim Measures for the Administration of Credit Rating Industry, which provided legal protection for the healthy development of the credit information industry. Second, strict supervision in an all-round way and continuous improvement of the governance system of the credit reporting industry. Strengthen the on-site inspection of access institutions, credit reporting institutions and rating agencies of the basic database of financial credit information; Improve the off-site supervision framework, improve the timeliness, effectiveness and pertinence of supervision, and significantly improve the operational compliance of various institutions. The third is to strengthen the publicity of credit information, relying on the "3.15" Consumer Rights Protection Day, "6.14" Credit Records Care Day and other nodes to continue to carry out credit information popularization activities, and successively set up columns such as "the 10th anniversary of the promulgation of the Regulations on the Administration of Credit Information Industry" and "a new journey of ten years of credit information" to popularize credit information, enhance social credit awareness and promote the concept of honesty and trustworthiness to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Revise and improve the "Procedures for Handling Credit Complaints", handle the rights and interests of the masses in accordance with the law and regulations, and effectively protect the rights and interests of the masses.

　　Promote the high-quality development of the credit information industry

　　The column pointed out that in the next step, the People’s Bank of China will adhere to the service tenet of credit reporting for the people, firmly anchor the goal of serving the real economy and preventing financial risks, constantly improve the credit reporting system covering the whole society, and enhance the supply capacity and operational quality and efficiency of the credit reporting system.

　　First, continuously improve the multi-level credit information system and optimize the market layout. Adhere to the two-wheel drive direction of "government+market" and promote the construction of basic credit information and market-oriented credit information system of the central bank. Continuously improve the basic database of financial credit information, continuously expand the types of credit information, enrich service channels, and consolidate the status of the central bank’s basic credit information service; Deepen the construction of accounts receivable financing service platform and unified registration and publicity system for movable property financing, and help the virtuous circle of industrial chain supply chain. Based on market demand and guided by releasing the vitality of data elements, we will promote the development and growth of credit reporting institutions and provide diversified credit reporting products and services. Further promote the construction of local credit information platform, further optimize the system and mechanism of credit information sharing and application in local government affairs and public utilities, and enhance the ability of sustainable development.

　　The second is to continuously enhance the strength of rating agencies and enhance their international competitiveness. Support powerful financial technology forces to enter the rating market, encourage stock institutions to integrate and grow, enhance market strength and improve the overall quality of the industry. Create a healthy and orderly rating ecological environment and enhance the independence and credibility of rating agencies. Encourage rating agencies to "go global", expand overseas rating markets, and enhance international competitiveness and international influence.

　　The third is to promote social credit legislation and promote the high-quality development of the credit information industry with strict supervision. Deepen the top-level design of social credit system and credit information system construction in social credit legislation, improve credit information market access conditions and business rules, and promote the modernization of credit information industry governance capacity. We will strictly strengthen the supervision of credit information in an all-round way, improve the supervision system and standards, enrich the means of supervision, improve the efficiency of supervision, build a dam for information security, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people, and make every effort to promote the healthy development of the credit information market.

　　(CCTV reporter Dong Bin)

　　On the evening of March 7th, the General Office of the State Council issued "Opinions on Further Optimizing Payment Services and Improving Payment Convenience" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions"). The Opinions require that according to the payment habits of different groups, efforts should be made to bridge the digital divide, and efforts should be made to improve the multi-level and diversified payment service system, so as to provide better, efficient and convenient payment services for the elderly, foreigners coming to China and other groups.

　　After the "Opinions" were released, UnionPay, Alipay and Tenpay successively issued announcements and issued relevant specific measures.

　　UnionPay: It is planned to invest 3 billion yuan to drive all parties in the industry to optimize payment services.

　　China UnionPay said that it will comprehensively and thoroughly implement the requirements of the Opinions, focus on blocking the pain points and difficulties, and take "Jinxiu Action 2024" as the starting point to promote substantial optimization and improvement of payment services as soon as possible.

　　In view of the difficulties and difficulties in using mobile payment, such as the inconvenience of swiping cards and not receiving payment in China, the elderly and foreigners in China, UnionPay will jointly launch "Splendid Action 2024" with the core of "30+X", where "30" means that UnionPay takes the lead in investing 3 billion yuan, and "X" means to leverage the funds of UnionPay to incite all parties in the industry to jointly invest resources. "Splendid Action 2024" will cover the whole year of 2024 and continue until 2025. The goal is to create a "global, full-scenario, full-solution", covering 26 high-frequency payment scenarios in 8 categories, including "food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping, entertainment, medicine and learning", as well as credit card, code scanning and mobile phone payment.

　　At the same time, under the guidance of the People’s Bank of China, UnionPay will accelerate the interconnection of bar code payment and realize barrier-free acceptance of various payment tools. Accelerate the two-way opening of the network between UnionPay and other bank card organizations, and coordinate with clearing institutions in terms of rules and standards.

　　In addition, UnionPay will focus on strengthening communication with local transportation departments, speeding up the settlement of the problems that the subway and taxi industries do not support the acceptance of non-payment of bank cards, optimizing the design of travel card products, making UnionPay, banks and other payment products universal and easy to use in various scenarios, and constantly improving the payment experience of various groups such as the elderly and foreigners coming to China.

　　Alipay: Solidly promote the optimization of payment services and continuously improve the convenience of payment.

　　Alipay said that it is solidly promoting the implementation of various measures to continuously optimize payment services for the elderly and foreigners coming to China. Among them, the promotion and optimization of the trading limit for foreigners have been completed, with the single trading limit raised from $1,000 to $5,000 and the annual trading limit raised from $10,000 to $50,000. New services such as multilingual translation, overseas wallet ride code "One Code Pass" will be launched one after another.

　　Tenpay: Take measures to improve the convenience of payment for the elderly and foreigners coming to China.

　　Tenpay said that with the support and guidance of the People’s Bank of China and the foreign exchange bureau, Tenpay has implemented a number of measures around "aging and upgrading". Under the direction of the Opinions, Tenpay will continue to improve the payment service experience based on its financial technology capabilities, create a temperature-sensitive payment service environment for the elderly, and further facilitate the work and residence of foreign nationals in China.

　　In terms of facilitating the payment of foreign nationals in China, simplification measures have continued to land. Under the guidance of the People’s Bank of China and the foreign exchange bureau, the single transaction limit and annual transaction limit of WeChat foreign card payment have also been increased, and at the same time, a quota strategy of dynamic management has been formulated, which takes into account the dynamic balance between service improvement and risk prevention and control on the basis of meeting the large consumption demand of users.

　　Southern Network and Guangdong Learning Reporter Li Jiechan

(This article first appeared in the film’s rising capital, welcome WeChat to search for filmmore.)

　 1905 movie network exclusive This year’s summer file can be described as a bad start. From July 1 to July 31, the total box office revenue in China was only 4,503.5 million, a negative growth of 18.2% compared with 5,506.1 million in July last year. This is the third negative growth in a single month after April and May this year, and it is also the first negative growth in the summer file in five years.

　

　 This also means that the goal of 60 billion yuan for the whole year given by some so-called "insiders" is basically hopeless. Of course, if you look closely, it is not difficult to find that the overall performance of the film market is not entirely due to the film itself. The growth of the audience and the gradual improvement of the market mechanism have squeezed out the industry bubble to a certain extent, which is actually guiding the market in a healthier direction.

　

　 In the face of cold figures, it may be time for us to wake up blindly and optimistically. For correctly understanding the market development, evaluating and forecasting the industry environment, it is obviously not a bad thing to return to rationality … …

　

There was no phenomenal film in July, and no "carriage" appeared.

　

　 Unlike last summer’s "Troika", which triggered phenomenal viewing, the domestic movies released in July were obviously not hot enough:

Comparison of TOP 10 Mainland Box Offices in July 2015 and 2016

　

　 Although the big fish begonia, which has been waiting for 12 years, is grand and well-made, it has been controversial because of the plot and other issues. It has not recreated the glory of last year’s "Great Sage", and the box office of the film is also high and low. It is expected that 1 billion will only be 559 million.

　

　 "Chill 2" captured 670 million box office, although compared with the 254 million in the first film, it was no small gain. The pattern of the film is also more open and complex, but the film still loses a little in word of mouth;

　

　 The Jedi Escape, which ranked first in the box office list in July, was actually released the latest in TOP 3, which fully proved Jackie Chan’s good ability to absorb gold, but the box office of 733 million yuan was not as good as the third-ranked "Great Sage" last year.

In July this year, the glory of last year’s "Troika" was not reproduced.

　

　 During this so-called domestic film "Protection Month", three Hollywood films were "admitted" for the first time, one was Paramount’s Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2: Breaking Through the Shadows, the other was Warner’s Return of Mount Tai: Dangerous War in the Jungle, and the other was The Secret Life of Pets released today.

　

　 The first two films captured 393 million yuan and 277 million yuan respectively. In this year’s import sub-account blockbuster, such achievements can only be regarded as mediocre. It should be said that the entry of these two imported films consuming old IP did not threaten the domestic film market, and the quality and reputation of the films were relatively average, which did not play much role in promoting the overall box office.

Will these three films be a shot in the arm for the August movie market?

　

　 In the following August, I’m afraid that only "The Secret Life of Pets" will sell well, with a first-day box office of 38.33 million US dollars, which broke the first-day box office record of the original film created by Pixar Inside Out last year. However, it has been nearly a month since the film premiered in North America, and it is still hard to say whether it can resist the impact of online piracy on the box office.

　

The ticket replenishment has been greatly weakened, and the market is gradually recovering.

　

　 According to the data of Yi En Consulting, the average ticket price of China movies in the first quarter of 2015 was RMB 17 yuan, but this year this figure has risen to 22.25 yuan.

　

　 "Young people in small towns are very sensitive to prices. If there is no ticket supplement, some people in this group will not go to the cinema or form an inertia to watch movies," said Qiu Jie, CEO of Lion Mouse Film.

　

　 Some insiders believe that among the 44 billion box office of China movies last year, the income from ticket compensation may be between 3 billion and 5 billion. On July 22nd this year, Wang Changtian, president of Light Media, pointed out in an interview that this year’s ticket subsidy may be reduced to 1.5 billion or even less.

　

　 Different from last year, with the merger of Guevara and micro-tickets, and the cat’s eye holding hands with public comments, the "ticket-making war" conducted by various online ticketing platforms for staking has basically come to an end. The investment in ticket compensation by various platforms is gradually shrinking.

Two stages of ticket replacement, the picture comes from: entertainment capital theory

　

　 Qiu Jie believes that this year, as the whole film market tends to be stable, online ticketing platforms have no desire to make up tickets, and only some producers and distributors continue to provide subsidies. It’s not hard to explain this wish of the film. After all, with the beautiful box office results, it’s easy to improve the company’s valuation and bargaining power for new projects, and the investment in ticket compensation has indeed brought the audience.

　

　 However, with the weakening of ticket replenishment, the audience accustomed to 9.9 yuan and 19.9 yuan may not be able to adapt to the normal movie tickets at once. The negative growth at present is probably only due to the inevitable phenomenon in the process of the real movie consumption level of Chinese audience gradually recovering its true content, which is actually benign in the long run.

　

　 On the other hand, it is not as easy as before to "succeed" by locking tickets, ghost field and other bad behaviors. For example, the box office data and film arrangement of "never gone" once caused great controversy, and the 400 million guaranteed release promise behind it also plunged the lithography era into the whirlpool of public opinion.

The "2022 (Spring) National Consumption Promotion Month Beijing Consumption Season" jointly organized by the Ministry of Commerce, the Central Radio and Television General Station and the Beijing Municipal People’s Government was launched in Beijing on the evening of March 1. Member the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and Secretary of Beijing Municipal Committee Cai Qi, Minister of Commerce Wang Wentao, Vice Minister Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, Director and Editor-in-Chief of Central Radio and Television Station Shen Haixiong, Deputy Secretary of Beijing Municipal Committee and Mayor Chen Jining attended the event.

At the event site, four experience sections were designed, namely, "Sharing Ice and Snow, Linking the Future", "Science and Technology Consumption, Digital Leading", "Cultural Consumption, romantic city" and "Food Capital, World Integration". By creating unique online and offline consumption scenes, the journey of multi-scene layout, multi-format integration and immersive consumption experience was started.

The theme of "2022 (Spring) National Consumption Promotion Month" is "Enjoy the Good Life of Consumption", aiming to further stimulate the market vitality, release the consumption potential and promote the sustained recovery and upgrading of consumption. All localities will combine the characteristics of local consumption and festivals, highlighting the prosperity of business through festivals, and provide strong support for unblocking the domestic cycle, promoting the domestic and international dual cycle, and better meeting the needs of people’s better life.

The "2022 Beijing Consumption Season" will last until the end of this year. With the theme of "Enjoy Beijing and Enjoy Life", we will strengthen the integration and interaction of business travel styles, online and offline joint resonance, and build eight activity sections: the first show of Beijing, fashionable Beijing, trendy Beijing, smart Beijing, literary Beijing, colorful Beijing, interesting Beijing and quality Beijing, so as to continuously promote the upgrading of consumption and better meet the diversity, quality and quality of the masses.

As the organizer of the event, CCTV has been holding consumption promotion activities with the Ministry of Commerce and provincial, regional and municipal governments for many years. This year, the reception desk will continue to give full play to the advantages of multi-platform integrated communication, integrate and spread the national consumption promotion month and Beijing consumption season, guide the audience’s consumption expectations, further create a good atmosphere of enjoying consumption, and serve to build a new development pattern.

Relevant leaders of the Ministry of Commerce, the Beijing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, and heads of relevant departments of the Central Radio and Television General Station attended the event.

(Photo: Zhu Yan Fu Bo)

　　The staff introduced the employment situation of the network platform for the over-age migrant workers. Photo by Cheng Zhihui

　　Reading tips

　　In Tianjin Binhai New Area, where there are many construction workers, the water cat craftsman platform has identified the employment pain points of over-age migrant workers. At present, thousands of recruitment enterprises have settled in the platform, and more than 6,000 over-age migrant workers have found jobs every year, achieving employment income of several hundred million yuan for them every year.

　　On the morning of May 5th, it was just dawn, and 60-year-old Qin Xueling, together with six workers, took the special car provided by Shuimao Craftsman (Tianjin) Technology Co., Ltd. to the Wanda project site of North China Branch of China Construction Eighth Bureau and started a day’s cleaning work. This is one of the jobs that Master Qin has been engaged in since he transformed from a builder.

　　"In order to expand the employment channels for over-age migrant workers, we have developed and established an Internet platform for water cat craftsmen to find jobs (hereinafter referred to as the water cat craftsman platform), and adopted ‘ Online+offline ’ A combination of ways to help over-age migrant workers achieve transformational employment. " Yang Zhiyong, founder of Water Cat Craftsman Platform, said.

　　Screen to screen, online "good work"

　　At present, Shanghai, Tianjin and other places across the country have issued regulations to regulate the employment of over-age migrant workers in the construction industry. "It is forbidden for men over 60 years old and women over 50 years old to enter the construction site to engage in construction operations", and the introduction of the policy has caused many over-age migrant workers to lose employment opportunities.

　　In Tianjin Binhai New Area, where there are many construction workers, the Water Cat Craftsman Platform was established to identify the employment pain points of over-age migrant workers, and it can provide a large number of job information and employment opportunities for over-age migrant workers.

　　Qin Xueling was originally a plumber in Tianjin Senyi Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. After leaving the construction site two years ago because of his age, he began to register for orders on the water cat craftsman platform.

　　"There are a lot of jobs published on the platform. Once I took a job to repair the faucet, which was finished in an hour, and I was paid by 100 yuan. Another time, the customer’s electricity meter always tripped. I quickly found the reason after I went to the door. I installed a socket in his kitchen, and 100 yuan got it again. " Speaking of orders received online, Master Qin is like a few treasures.

　　What makes him most happy is that every time he finishes his work, he pays in cash, unlike a month at the construction site, or even the end of the year. "When the children need money urgently, I can take it out at any time." He said that the income of seven or eight thousand yuan per month gives him confidence.

　　Master Hou, 61, is also a beneficiary of the platform. Different from working as a coolie on a construction site, he often receives some cleaning and greening work on the platform. "These jobs are not as dangerous as those on construction sites. I am quite satisfied with the income of several thousand yuan per month." He told reporters.

　　Behind these "good jobs" in the mouth of over-age migrant workers is the hard work of the staff of the Water Cat Craftsman Platform. Without waiting for the initiative, they visited the major employment enterprises in Tianjin, collected the employment demand in time, docked the employment information with enterprises every day, and released it on the platform for free at the first time.

　　It is understood that thousands of recruitment enterprises have settled in the platform. Since its establishment three years ago, it has found jobs for more than 6,000 over-age migrant workers every year, and achieved employment income of several hundred million yuan for them every year.

　　Face to face, big market to achieve flexible employment

　　"A few days ago, I found a job in a big market to tile an owner. One day in 400 yuan, I worked for 6 days and earned 2,400 yuan." Zhang Qingfa said.

　　The big market mentioned by Zhang Qingfa refers to Tianjin Bincheng Flexible Employment Service Center, whose predecessor was the labor market for migrant workers.

　　According to Master Zhang, he came out as a builder at the age of 18 and worked for half his life. He can plaster, build walls and set bricks. After coming down from the construction site, he took the job in the big market, and his time was relatively free, and he could take two days off every month according to his own situation.

　　"If you work hard, you will earn about 10,000 yuan a month, which is similar to the income on construction sites before. I intend to work for two more years while I still have the strength, and save more money to go back to my hometown in Hubei to support the elderly. " Zhang Qingfa said.

　　Master Lian, from Handan, Hebei Province, often went to the big market to find work after leaving Tianjin Senyiyuan Construction and Installation Engineering Co., Ltd. "The staff are particularly enthusiastic and help us to contact the work. I am currently doing odd jobs in the wanda plaza project and I can earn more than 200 yuan a day. " He told reporters.

　　"We take ‘ Please come in ’ In the new model, more employment enterprises are invited to the service center labor market, and more over-age migrant workers can find suitable jobs here through offline point-to-point and face-to-face direct recruitment. " Xue Guili, head of Bincheng Flexible Employment Service Center, said.

　　It is understood that the center has also established long-term cooperative relations with nearly 60 property companies. Every year, Tianjin Jinyu Property Management Co., Ltd. alone recommends more than 150 over-age migrant workers to engage in security and cleaning work to help them achieve employment.

　　Free service, sincere help

　　While sparing no effort to provide jobs for over-age migrant workers, Water Cat Craftsman (Tianjin) Technology Co., Ltd. also improves their quality and skills and broadens employment channels through free study, free training and free provision of business premises.

　　"Most of the over-age migrant workers have a relatively low level of education and education. We have set up online free learning courses on the platform of water cat craftsmen, such as electrician courses and welder courses. Through small videos, they can master basic operations and conduct safety knowledge training." Xue Guili said.

　　The company also provided 400 square meters of business space for Qin Junyun, an over-age migrant worker, to support him to change jobs and start businesses to promote employment.

　　"In addition to the free business premises, utilities are also exempted. Now my monthly turnover reaches 70,000 to 80,000 yuan, which has driven many migrant workers to find jobs, and I also earn about 10,000 yuan a month." Qin Junyun of Tianjin Shihuang Catering Co., Ltd. said.

　　For migrant workers who work hard all the year round, they are not afraid of being tired and tired. What they are most afraid of is that they can’t get paid after finishing their work, and they are even more afraid of being injured at work.

　　In order to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, the Water Cat Craftsman Platform has set up free legal consultation services, and also opened a consultation window in the service center. Every week, lawyers are regularly invited to answer questions for migrant workers, help them defend their rights and let them work with peace of mind.

　　Bincheng Flexible Employment Service Center is the second home for over-aged migrant workers. Since the opening of the service center, they no longer have to work under the bridge and on the side of the road as before, and they no longer worry that there is nowhere to hide in the wind and rain.

　　"The service center is wonderful, with hot water to drink", "There are tables, chairs and benches to rest" and "Give us free kits, rice flour oil and drinks" … … At the interview site, the over-age migrant workers told reporters word by word.

　　Not long ago, Song Duanjiang, an over-aged migrant worker from Heilongjiang, had a sudden cerebral hemorrhage while waiting for work and was taken to the hospital by his fellow villagers. When the service center learned about it, it sent him 2000 yuan solatium. Seeing the staff of the service center, Lao Song, who was lying in his hospital bed, held their hands for a long time, just like seeing his relatives.

　　"When Lao Song is fully recovered, we will help him to contact the security guard, so that he can have a stable income and work in Tianjin with peace of mind." Xue Guili said.

　 　　Author:Dean, School of Marxism, Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National School of Administration) Zhang Zhanbin, Professor, School of Marxism, Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National School of Administration) Huang Kun

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee adopted "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Target for the Year 2035", which highlighted the leading role of the new development concept and emphasized that "the new development concept should run through the whole development process and all fields". The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "It must be emphasized that the development of the new era and new stage must implement the new development concept and must be high-quality development." Implementing the new development concept involves the change of thinking mode, behavior mode and work mode, and involves the adjustment of social relations, interest relations and work relations, which is the development concept to achieve high-quality development during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. The establishment of a new development concept is always accompanied by the destruction of the old development concept. To implement the new development concept, we must comprehensively innovate the development system, reshape the development ecology, break through difficulties and build mechanisms in solving the development momentum and enhancing the integrity, coordination, balance and inclusiveness of development, so that various reform measures can take root and ensure that the new concept can be transformed into new practices and new actions.

　　Cultivate a strong driving force to lead development and build an innovative development system and mechanism.

　　Adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall situation of China’s modernization, take self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology as the strategic support for national development, face the world’s scientific and technological frontier, the main battlefield of the economy, the major needs of the country, and people’s lives and health, thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talents, and innovation-driven development, improve the national innovation system, and accelerate the construction of a strong country through science and technology.

　　The first is to strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength. We will formulate an action plan for strengthening the country through science and technology, improve the new nationwide system under the conditions of socialist market economy, fight hard on key core technologies, and improve the overall efficiency of innovation chain.

　　The second is to enhance the technological innovation capability of enterprises. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprise innovation, and promote all kinds of innovation elements to gather in enterprises. Promote the deep integration of Industry-University-Research, support enterprises to take the lead in setting up innovative consortia and undertake major national science and technology projects; Give play to the important role of entrepreneurs in technological innovation, encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development, and implement tax incentives for enterprises to invest in basic research; Give play to the leading and supporting role of large enterprises, support innovative small and medium-sized enterprises to grow into important birthplaces of innovation, strengthen the construction of common technology platforms, and promote the integration and innovation of middle and lower reaches, large, medium and small enterprises in the industrial chain.

　　The third is to further promote the reform of the science and technology system and improve the national science and technology governance system. Optimize the national science and technology planning system and operation mechanism, and promote the integrated allocation of projects, bases, talents and funds in key areas. Improve the organization and management of scientific and technological projects, improve the evaluation mechanism of science and technology, accelerate the reform of scientific research institutes, strengthen intellectual property protection, increase investment in research and development, improve the financial support innovation system, carry forward the scientific spirit and craftsman spirit, improve the ethical system of science and technology, and promote the open cooperation of science and technology.

　　Enhance the comprehensive efficiency of overall development and build a coordinated development system and mechanism.

　　Adhere to the implementation of major regional strategies, regional coordinated development strategies and main functional area strategies, improve the system and mechanism of regional coordinated development, improve the new urbanization strategy, and build a high-quality land spatial layout and support system.

　　First, we should thoroughly implement the overall strategy of regional development. Promote the development of the western region to form a new pattern, make new breakthroughs in the revitalization of the northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to accelerate modernization. Support the old revolutionary base areas and ethnic minority areas to accelerate their development, strengthen the construction of border areas, and promote the prosperity and enrichment of the border areas and the stability and consolidation of the border areas.

　　Second, we must vigorously promote the coordinated development within the dominant growth pole. Promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei with the function of relieving Beijing’s non-capital as the "bull’s nose", promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt with the guidance of joint protection and no development, accelerate the integration process of the Yangtze River Delta, actively build Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and build a world-class urban agglomeration.

　　Third, we should promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Accelerate the citizenization of agricultural transfer population, and promote the agricultural transfer population who have the ability to work and live stably in cities and towns to settle down with their families and enjoy the same rights and obligations as urban residents. We will further implement the rural revitalization strategy and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in accordance with the general requirements of industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance and affluent life.

　　Fourth, we should promote the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization. While building a highly developed material civilization, we should vigorously promote the construction of spiritual civilization and ensure that the achievements of the "two civilizations" are shared by all the people.

　　Adhere to resource conservation and ecological protection and build a green development system and mechanism.

　　In-depth implementation of the sustainable development strategy, improve the overall coordination mechanism in the field of ecological civilization, build an ecological civilization construction system, promote the overall green transformation of economic and social development, and build a harmonious and symbiotic modernization between man and nature.

　　First, we must start from the source, reshape the endogenous dynamic mechanism, and form a green development mode and lifestyle. Accelerate the establishment of legal system and policy guidance for green production and consumption, establish and improve the economic system of green and low-carbon circular development, and build a market-oriented green technological innovation system.

　　Second, we must comprehensively strengthen the construction of an ecological civilization system. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of an eco-cultural system based on ecological values, an eco-economic system with industrial ecologicalization and eco-industrialization as the main body, a target responsibility system with improving the quality of the eco-environment as the core, a system of ecological civilization system with modernization of governance system and governance capacity as the guarantee, and an ecological security system with emphasis on a virtuous cycle of ecosystems and effective prevention and control of environmental risks.

　　Third, we should focus on solving outstanding environmental problems and build an environmental governance system with the government as the leading factor, enterprises as the main body, social organizations and the public participating together. By raising pollution discharge standards, strengthening the responsibility of polluters, improving environmental credit evaluation, mandatory disclosure of information, severe punishment and other systems, the most prominent environmental problems can be fundamentally solved.

　　Adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world and build an open development system and mechanism.

　　Insist on opening to the outside world in a wider scope, in a wider field and at a deeper level, and rely on the advantages of China’s big market to promote international cooperation and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.

　　First, comprehensively improve the level of opening up to the outside world, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, promote trade innovation and development, and enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of foreign trade.

　　Second, improve the national treatment plus negative list management system before foreign investment access, expand the service industry to the outside world in an orderly manner, protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign-funded enterprises according to law, improve the laws, policies and service systems for promoting and guaranteeing overseas investment, firmly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of China enterprises overseas, and realize high-quality introduction and high-level going out.

　　The third is to improve the layout of the free trade pilot zone, give it greater autonomy in reform, steadily promote the construction of Hainan free trade port, and build a new highland for opening up.

　　Fourth, steadily and cautiously promote the internationalization of RMB, adhere to market-driven and independent choice of enterprises, and create a new mutually beneficial cooperative relationship based on the free use of RMB. Give full play to the platform role of China International Import Expo and other important exhibitions.

　　Fifth, actively participate in the reform of the global economic governance system, adhere to equal consultation, mutual benefit and win-win, promote the G 20 and other countries to play the role of international economic cooperation, and promote the improvement of a more just and rational global economic governance system.

　　Promote and maintain social fairness and justice, and build a shared development system and mechanism.

　　Adhere to the realization, maintenance and development of the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the starting point and end result of development, do our best and do what we can, improve the basic public service system, improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance and sharing, solidly promote common prosperity, continuously enhance the people’s sense of gain, happiness and security, and promote the all-round development of people and social progress.

　　The first is to develop fairer and better quality education. Deepen education reform, improve the quality of education, promote education equity, promote the balanced development of compulsory education, so that every school-age child can receive a fair and high-quality education, so that all people can share the dividend of education reform.

　　The second is to achieve higher quality employment. Adhere to the employment priority strategy, put the employment priority policy at the macro policy level, completely break down the barriers and identity discrimination in the employment and entrepreneurial markets, improve the entrepreneurial support policies, build a good entrepreneurial platform, create a new engine for mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and create more opportunities to participate in shared development.

　　Third, comprehensively promote the construction of a healthy China. Put the protection of people’s health in the strategic position of priority development, adhere to the policy of putting prevention first, thoroughly implement the Healthy China Action, improve the national health promotion policy, weave the national public health protection network, and provide people with all-round and full-cycle health services.

　　The fourth is to strengthen the construction of social security system. Establish a fairer and more sustainable social security system, implement the national insurance plan, basically achieve full coverage of statutory personnel, achieve national overall planning of basic pensions for employees, establish a reasonable adjustment mechanism for basic pensions, fully implement the serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents, coordinate the social assistance system, and promote the integration of relevant systems to ensure the basic livelihood of people in need.

　　The fifth is to narrow the income gap and move towards common prosperity. We should examine the relationship between fairness and efficiency from the strategic perspective of the transformation of major social contradictions, strengthen and innovate social governance, divide the "cake" while making it bigger, ensure that the development results benefit all the people, let the people have more sense of gain, and promote social fairness and justice.

　　Sixth, strengthen and innovate social governance. Improve the social governance system, improve the urban and rural grassroots governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue under the leadership of party organizations, improve the grassroots democratic consultation system, realize the benign interaction between government governance and social regulation and residents’ autonomy, and build a social governance community that everyone is responsible, everyone is responsible and everyone enjoys.

　　Editor’s note:We often hear the concept of "heavy moisture", but many people don’t know how the moisture comes from and how to get rid of it. In Xia Hou, high temperature weather has also ushered in all parts of the country, and many people have begun to have unpleasant meals and indigestion. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that heavy humidity in summer is easy to make people sleepy in the spleen and stomach and lose appetite. How to get rid of dampness? Today, People’s Health Network will talk to you.

　　Pay attention to the six "moisture" signals in the body

　　Liu Yang, Ph.D., associate professor and master tutor of internal medicine of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that when there is moisture in the body, it usually has the following performance:

　　1. I can’t wake up, sleep more every day, still feel sleepy and drool when I sleep; Dizziness, lethargy, physical fatigue, too lazy to move; The calf is sore and heavy.

　　2, go to the toilet after getting up, the stool is thin and not shaped, or constipation every three to five; The stool is sticky, and there is always a feeling of uncleanness. Every time I go to the toilet, the stool sticks to the toilet and can’t be washed clean.

　　3. After getting up, my mouth smells heavy and sticky.

　　4, the tongue can sensitively reflect the physical condition, if the tongue is fat, the edge of the tongue is serrated, and the symptoms are serious, it is called "skirt tongue". If the tongue coating is white and thick, it looks smooth and moist, which means that there is cold and dampness in the body. If the tongue coating is rough or thick, yellow and greasy, it means that there is damp and heat in the body.

　　5. There is a lot of oil on the face in the morning, especially on the forehead and around the nose and mouth. The face is shiny, the hair also loves oil, the bags under the eyes are drooping, and the dark circles are serious.

　　6, the body is puffy, the diet and work and rest are the same as the original, but the weight has increased significantly.

　　If one or two of the above signals or symptoms appear, attention should be paid to them, which indicates that there is moisture in the body. If you go to the hospital for examination, you won’t find any major diseases, but you will suffer from these minor diseases every day, which just corresponds to another feature of dampness — — "Wet and sticky", with lingering course, long course and repeated attacks. In life, we use "ten people and nine dampness" to describe the universality of moisture invading the human body. Mainly related to physical factors, diet, living environment, living habits, life pressure and other factors.

　　Chinese medicine believes that if moisture is not removed, there will be endless troubles. Moisture is the source of various diseases. Hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, fatty liver, cancer, stroke and gout are all related to moisture.

　　There are many ways to eliminate dampness, such as physical exercise, moxibustion, cupping and scraping, dietotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine, which are all external therapies. After treatment, dampness cannot be eliminated from the roots. "Wet weight" is the standard, and "spleen deficiency" is the foundation.

　　Wang Qi, a master of traditional Chinese medicine, proposed that the human body can be divided into nine kinds of constitutions, namely, peaceful constitution, qi deficiency constitution, yang deficiency constitution, yin deficiency constitution, phlegm-dampness constitution, damp-heat constitution, blood stasis constitution, qi stagnation constitution and idiosyncratic constitution. Among them, the relatively healthy and peaceful constitution only accounts for 32.75% of the population, while the constitution related to "dampness" includes phlegm-dampness and damp-heat quality. Therefore, people with different physiques have different pathogenic dampness, which requires different treatment and treatment.

　　It should be noted that food therapy is simple in taste, weak in strength and slow in effect. If people with phlegm-dampness constitution are accompanied by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic diseases or other serious diseases, they need to receive standardized treatment under the guidance of doctors.

　　Bad habits leave moisture behind.

　　1. Cover your hair with a towel after washing it. Chinese medicine believes that "the head is the meeting of all yang", and in the the twelve meridians of human body, the three yang meridians of hand, foot and mouth all converge at the head. If you cover your hair with a towel after washing, it is easy to feel damp evil. Wet evil sticky, easy to hurt the yang, there will be "because of wet, first wrapped" situation, therefore, after washing your hair, try to dry it or blow dry it with a hair dryer.

　　2. Take a bath after 9 pm. Bathing itself does not cause body wet, but always taking a bath after 9: 00 pm makes it easy for dampness to invade. Health care should follow the natural laws of spring, long summer, autumn harvest and winter storage. There are also spring, summer, autumn and winter in one day, and winter is from 9 pm to 3 am the next day. At this time, you should "hide" yourself. At 9 o’clock in the evening, it is also the time of the lunar month. At this time, the yang is lying in the body, and the body surface lacks protection. It is the time when the human body’s defense ability is the weakest. At this time, taking a bath, moisture is easy to enter the body, resulting in cold and dampness.

　　3. Eating too much makes you cold. In summer, many people will eat raw and cold food to relieve summer heat, but this method is very undesirable, because raw and cold products will affect the transport and transformation of spleen and stomach and the function of qi movement, so that water and dampness will stagnate the gastrointestinal tract, causing anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms.

　　4. Blow the air conditioner. The use of air-conditioning in summer is very harmful to the body. Sweating in summer is an important way to dissipate moisture, and the cool environment created by air-conditioning will automatically close the pores of the body, so sweat can’t be discharged, and moisture can’t be dispersed, so it can only accumulate in the body. Of course, it is not absolutely impossible to turn on the air conditioner, but it should be used properly. The temperature difference between indoor and outdoor should not be too large. When the humidity is heavy, it is best to turn on the dehumidification function.

　　5. Drinking without restraint. Eating barbecue and drinking beer in summer night is considered by many people as a comfortable thing, but wine helps damp evil, which easily leads to moisture accumulation in the body and spleen and stomach dysfunction.

　　6. sedentary. In Huangdi Neijing, it is said that "sitting for a long time hurts the meat", but in fact it hurts the spleen. Spleen governs muscles and transports water and dampness. Lack of exercise can cause spleen-qi deficiency, water and dampness will not turn into phlegm. Therefore, if you want to get rid of the dampness, you need to move. You can choose brisk walking, jogging, Tai Ji Chuan and Baduanjin according to your own situation.

　　Three porridge recipes help remove moisture.

　　Red bean, hawthorn and barley porridge

　　50 grams of adzuki bean, 50 grams of Coix seed, 20 grams of white lentils, 15 grams of Poria, 20 grams of raw hawthorn and 100 grams of japonica rice are taken; Soak other materials except japonica rice in a pot for 30 minutes; Wash the japonica rice, pour it into the pot where the ingredients are soaked, add appropriate amount of water, boil it on high fire for 10 minutes, then cook it on low fire for 20 minutes, and eat it while it is hot.

　　Among the prescriptions, Poria cocos is an important drug for inducing diuresis and reducing swelling, and can also be used for spleen deficiency. It is beneficial to water infiltration, spleen strengthening and calming the nerves when combined with Coix seed. Adzuki bean can promote diuresis, reduce swelling, clear away heat and jaundice, detoxify and expel pus. White lentils are slightly warm and sweet, and belong to spleen and stomach meridian, which has the effect of invigorating spleen and eliminating dampness. Hawthorn has the effect of resolving food stagnation. This medicated diet has a good effect on phlegm-dampness constitution with symptoms such as anxiety and poor appetite. It should be noted that people with weak spleen and stomach and hyperacidity should abstain from this prescription.

　　It should be noted that adzuki beans are different from the red beans we usually eat. The shape of red beans is closer to ellipse, while red beans are cylindrical and look very slender; Red beans look bright, while red beans are reddish brown, but some are dark; In taste, red beans are very soft and glutinous, while red beans are a little hard, which is more suitable for porridge. In terms of curative effect, the effect of adzuki bean is stronger than that of red bean, so adzuki bean is used as medicine in traditional Chinese medicine.

　　Yam, winter melon and japonica rice porridge

　　Take 100g of yam, 150g of wax gourd and 200g of japonica rice; Peel wax gourd and yam, wash, cut into thick slices, wash onion and ginger and cut into powder; Heat the oil in the pot, add shredded onion and Jiang Mo, slightly fry, and add water to boil; Add yam and wax gourd, and cook over medium heat until cooked; Wash the japonica rice, pour it into the pot, and simmer for 30 minutes; Add salt and chopped green onion to taste.

　　Among the prescriptions, yam is sweet and flat, and it belongs to the lung, spleen and kidney meridians. It is nourishing, invigorating qi and yin, and it is a good product for nourishing lung, spleen and kidney. According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, yam has the functions of "tonifying deficiency, eliminating cold and heat, evil spirits, tonifying middle energizer, invigorating qi, building muscles, strengthening yang, benefiting kidney qi, strengthening spleen and stomach, and stopping diarrhea". Wax gourd is sweet and light in taste, slightly cold in nature, and belongs to the lung, large intestine and bladder meridian. It is recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica that wax gourd "purges heat due to cold, benefits the spleen, facilitates defecation and edema, quenches thirst, dissipates heat, and causes carbuncle swelling". The two complement each other, playing the role of strengthening the spleen, benefiting qi and promoting diuresis.

　　Poria cocos and Ophiopogon japonicus millet porridge

　　Prepare 15g of Poria cocos, 15g of Ophiopogon japonicus and 100g of millet; Poria cocos and Ophiopogon japonicus are put into a pot, and appropriate amount of water is added to decoct into thick juice, and the residue is removed and the juice is reserved for later use; Wash the millet, pour it into the pot, add appropriate amount of water, boil it with high fire, then pour the medicine juice, and continue to cook for 30 minutes with low heat. Can be used as a staple food and taken twice a day.

　　Among the prescriptions, Ophiopogon japonicus is sweet, slightly bitter and slightly cold, which has the functions of nourishing yin and promoting fluid production, moistening lung and clearing heart. It is recorded in the new edition of Materia Medica: "Radix Ophiopogonis purges the latent fire in the lungs, clears the heat and evil in the stomach, tonifies the fatigue of the heart, stops the vomiting of the hemostatic family, benefits the essence and strengthens the yin, relieves annoyance and quenches thirst, makes the skin beautiful, relieves deficiency heat and relieves lung dryness". Poria cocos is flat in nature, sweet and light in taste, and has the effects of promoting diuresis, invigorating the spleen and regulating the stomach, calming the heart and calming the nerves. It is recorded in the "Medication Heart Method": "Poria cocos is a holy medicine that can help the orifices, help the yang and remove dampness. It is sweet and flat to replenish yang, benefit the spleen and expel water, and promote fluid production and qi. " This medicated diet has a good improvement effect on spleen deficiency and dampness-heat combined with deficiency of heart yin, heart and chest irritation, palpitation, insomnia, dry mouth and other symptoms.

　　Precautions for dehumidification in summer

　　Diet Summer diet should avoid the stimulation of cold food and greasy food.

　　The living environment is humid in summer. If the living environment is humid, dark and stuffy, plus the use of air conditioning, it will only aggravate the humidity. Therefore, although it is hot in summer, the living environment should be kept dry and ventilated.

　　On the one hand, moderate exercise is that modern people sweat less in summer and need to sweat through exercise. On the other hand, the so-called kinetic energy produces yang, and the appearance of wet and cold constitution is related to the lack of yang. Therefore, in summer, you may wish to take the initiative to exercise and sweat, and change the problems of body dampness and body cold.

　　How to recuperate the damp evil in summer?

　　First of all, summer humidity is a natural phenomenon and a normal bias of the transformation of yin and yang in nature. "It’s warm in spring, hot in summer and cool in autumn, and cold in winter makes fingers long". In the long process of evolution, human beings have adapted to the climate change in nature. Therefore, in the summer and wet season, as long as most people live regularly, dampness will not cause much problem to people. With the change of seasons, dampness will naturally fade away.

　　Secondly, some people need to get rid of dampness in the body through diet therapy. For damp-heat pathogens such as red tongue and yellow greasy fur, unconsciousness, sticky mouth, bitter taste, thirst and uncomfortable stool, you can drink raw coix seed and mung bean porridge, or eat watermelon, or even take fragrant tablets; For symptoms of damp pathogen, such as pale tongue and greasy fur, covered head, thirsty mouth, fullness, abdominal distension, drowsiness of limbs, and loose stool, you can drink fried Coicis Semen and fried yam porridge, or even take Xiangsha Liujun Pill. You can also drink Huoxiang Zhengqi soft capsule or Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquid, which is effective in removing damp-heat and dampness.

　　Of course, there are still some people who need to go to the hospital if they can’t be relieved by diet therapy. Especially, people with chronic digestive tract diseases should go to the hospital as soon as possible if the original disease is aggravated after the damp evil in summer hinders the transport and transformation function of the spleen and stomach. (People’s Health Network is integrated from Life Times, Guangzhou Daily, Xinhuanet, Shaanxi Daily)

　　● Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the "Negative List of Market Access (2019 Edition)" to the public, with a total of 131 items included, a reduction of 13% compared with 20 items last year. At the same time, 23 negative lists of market access compiled and published by various regions were cancelled, and the "one list for the whole country" system was more perfect.

　　● This year’s list has released a number of gold-bearing approvals, including "qualification approval of fire technical service institutions", "establishment approval of vocational skill appraisal institutions", "establishment permission of old-age care institutions" and "establishment permission of social welfare institutions". By further relaxing market access and breaking the entry threshold, the market vitality in the above fields will be effectively stimulated.

　　● The 2019 version of the negative list has improved the unified code system, which is unified with the codes used by local government information platforms and the codes of the unified credit management credit platform, creating conditions for better carrying out "one list and one network" in the future.

　　□ Our reporter Wan Jing

　　Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the "Negative List of Market Access (2019 Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Negative List of 2019 Edition") to the public, with a total of 131 items included, a decrease of 20 items compared with last year, with a reduction ratio of 13%. At the same time, 23 negative lists of market access categories compiled and published by various regions were cancelled, and the "one national list" system was more perfect.

　　It is understood that the 2019 version of the negative list is the first annual revision since the full implementation of the market access negative list system. In the form of list, the system clearly lists the industries, fields, businesses, etc. in which investment and operation are prohibited and restricted in China. Outside the list, all kinds of market entities can enter equally according to law. By innovating the government management and governance mechanism, the system provides a good institutional support for the whole economic operation and the breeding of the vitality of market players in China.

　　Since 2016, China has launched negative list pilots in Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian and Guangdong provinces and cities. In 2017, the pilot scope was expanded to 15 provinces and cities. In December 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce officially issued the Negative List of Market Access (2018 Edition) (hereinafter referred to as the Negative List of 2018 Edition), marking that China’s negative list system of market access has entered a new stage of full implementation.

　　The negative list continues to shorten.

　　Effectively stimulate market vitality

　　"It is a major feature of the 2019 version of the negative list to be short and short, and continue to promote the shortening of the negative list length." Guo Liyan, a researcher at the Institute of Market and Price of the National Development and Reform Commission, said.

　　Previously, the 2018 version of the negative list included two categories: "forbidden access" and "permitted access", with a total of 151 items and 581 specific management measures. Compared with the previous negative list of the pilot version, the number of items decreased by 177 and the number of specific management measures decreased by 288.

　　The revision of the negative list of the 2019 edition is based on the principles of accurate positioning, legality and effectiveness, unified standardization, and short energy. While further ensuring the stability and continuity of the negative list of the 2018 edition, it will be increased or decreased according to the actual situation. Judging from the revised results, there are currently 131 items and 568 management measures in the negative list of the 2019 edition, which is 20 items less than the original and 13 management measures.

　　What licensing items will be reduced or removed from the negative list? First of all, it is inappropriate, and second, it does not conform to the positioning.

　　The most typical example of "untimely" is the licensing system of pawn industry. Due to some inconsistencies with the current economic and social development, this license has been removed from the negative list in 2019 after coordinating relevant departments.

　　At the same time, this revision has removed a large number of social regulations, national security regulations and other targets from the list, which has accurately defined the scope of application of the list and ensured the stability and continuity of the list. For example, measures such as "issuance of ship safety inspection certificate" and "approval of salvaging or dismantling sunken ships and objects in coastal waters" that do not meet the positioning of the list are removed.

　　In addition, the measures of the same object in different investment and operation links or similar objects in the same investment and operation link are optimized and merged to improve the convenience of using the list.

　　The reporter of Legal Daily noticed that this year’s list released a number of gold-bearing approvals, including the qualification approval of fire technical service institutions, the establishment approval of vocational skill appraisal institutions, the establishment permission of old-age care institutions and the establishment permission of social welfare institutions. By further relaxing market access and breaking the entry threshold, the market vitality in the above fields will be effectively stimulated.

　　Among the industries that have liberalized the market access threshold, the market opening for the establishment of licenses for old-age care institutions is the most eye-catching. With the aging of our country, the market development prospect of the old-age care industry is expected, and liberalizing the market access threshold of such industries will greatly promote the healthy development of the old-age care industry in China.

　　In fact, before the opening of the market for the aged care industry at the national level, some places have already tried first.

　　In February 2019, the Civil Affairs Department of Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province issued the Notice of the General Office of the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government on Comprehensively Opening the Aged Care Service Market to Improve the Quality of Aged Care Services, explicitly canceling the license for the establishment of aged care institutions, implementing filing management according to regulations, and making efforts to relax market access, streamline examination and approval procedures, implement land security, reduce taxes and fees, improve service quality, and accelerate the development of aged care services by fully opening the market and improving service quality.

　　The circular pointed out that foreign investors are encouraged to set up private for-profit and non-profit pension institutions in Guangzhou. We will fully implement the fair competition review system in the field of aged care services. Non-local investors will enjoy the same policy treatment as local investors when holding aged care services. Private non-profit aged care institutions established by overseas investors will enjoy the same preferential policies as domestic investors, and it is forbidden to set additional conditions and access thresholds for social capital, non-local capital and overseas capital separately.

　　In September 2019, the Health and Health Commission of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province and other five departments issued the Notice on Strengthening the Examination, Approval, Registration and Filing of Institutions Combining Medical Care and Nursing Care, which clearly stipulated that the medical department in the old-age care institution would cancel the examination and approval, and the establishment of the old-age care institution would no longer be licensed, and the newly established institutions combining medical care and nursing care would implement the filing system.

　　Implement a national list

　　Actively achieve comprehensive coverage.

　　Why should we establish the management system of negative list of market access? According to Guo Liyan, the original market governance method may be more of a positive list and positive management method. As an investor in the market, if you want to enter a certain field, you need to go to the relevant authorities to check their relevant management documents before you can decide how to pass this procedure.

　　When the market access negative list system is established, what investors need to do is to see if there is this item on the negative list. If it has been listed, then it can’t be engaged; If it is not listed, you can invest and enter in the fields and industries not listed in the list and engage in related production and business activities.

　　This revision adheres to comprehensive coverage. Specifically, there are 5 items of prohibited access, 126 items of permitted access, 105 items of 18 national economic sectors, 10 items of Catalogue of Investment Projects Approved by the Government, 7 items of Catalogue of Prohibited Permissions for Internet Market Access, and 4 items of credit supervision and other matters.

　　What items have been retained in the 2019 negative list, or what items have been added?

　　It is understood that the negative list is included in the newly established access measures in time, and some access measures that meet the positioning of the list are added. According to the implementation of the 2018 version of the negative list, combined with the opinions of relevant departments and localities, a small number of access measures that meet the positioning of the list, such as "raw milk transportation, raw milk purchase station license" and "qualification examination and approval of waste electrical and electronic products processing enterprises", were included to improve the completeness of the list.

　　In addition, the negative list in 2019 further enriches local access measures. According to local opinions, after the legality review, the legally established access measures such as "issuance of approval certificate for health products (Jilin)" and "issuance of local railway operation license (including temporary operation license) (Hebei)" will be included to better take into account regional differences.

　　More importantly, in order to fully implement the "National One List" management requirements, the 2019 version of the negative list included the "negative list of industrial access in local national key ecological function area and major agricultural products producing areas (or prohibited restricted list)". So far, all the national market access management measures such as industrial structure, government investment, Internet and main functional areas have been included, and the "National One List" system has been improved.

　　In view of the problem of "too many negative lists", 23 market access negative lists compiled and published by various regions were cancelled, effectively putting an end to the situation of "negative lists flying all over the sky" and enhancing the seriousness, authority and unity of the lists.

　　Guo Liyan said: "With the gradual improvement of the dynamic correction mechanism of the negative list, more investors and enterprises may pay attention to the dynamic correction of this negative list every year. What content is removed from the list and what content is added to the list, and there may be more investors as the basis for supporting their strategic investment in the future. "

　　Gao Qin Wei, a professor at the Law School of Minzu University of China, believes that canceling the negative list compiled by each region and realizing the full coverage of national market access have effectively put an end to the phenomenon of "single-entry" and prohibiting and restricting market access. Only by adhering to "one list for the whole country" can China’s negative list system really play its role.

　　Unified coding of list items

　　Help optimize the business environment

　　According to Guo Liyan, another major feature of the 2019 version of the negative list is to clearly list the competent departments and complete the unified coding of the list items, "one network can be done at a glance".

　　On July 9, 2014, the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Promoting Fair Competition in the Market and Maintaining Normal Market Order", which clearly stated that it is necessary to build a modern market system that is unified, open, orderly in competition, honest and law-abiding, and with strong supervision, and accelerate the formation of a market supervision pattern with clear rights and responsibilities, fairness and justice, transparency and high efficiency, and legal protection, and called for the reform of the market access system and the establishment of a negative list of market access.

　　The 2018 version of the negative list brings revelry to market investors, but it also brings confusion, that is, although the approval items are clear, it is difficult to figure out who to look for. In particular, the same examination and approval items are expressed differently in different regions and at different levels, which makes market participants at a loss.

　　Guo Liyan introduced that the 2019 version of the negative list has improved the unified code system, which is unified with the codes used by local government information platforms and unified credit management credit platform codes, creating conditions for better carrying out "one list and one network" in the future.

　　"If you are the main market investor, you will find that the changes around you are very obvious after this list is published. The management mode of government-related departments has changed from positive, compartmentalized and procedural to a more flat, more open and transparent negative list operation mode. The main purpose is to stabilize the expectations of micro-subjects, and hope that micro-subjects dare to invest and are willing to invest. " Guo Liyan said.

　　Ren Qiming, an assistant professor at the School of Civil and Commercial Economics of China University of Political Science and Law, believes that market access should be further relaxed and government functions should be transformed on the basis of fairness, transparency and openness. In the market access, the examination and approval department should also be clear, open and transparent. On the one hand, listing the competent departments will help market participants to clearly know the government service departments for market access, on the other hand, it will also help to control the management of market access in China as a whole and macroscopically.

　　Ren Qiming believes that the premise of optimizing the business environment is the optimization of the market access mechanism. The revision of the negative list in the 2019 edition removed and liberalized some management measures, which means that the liberalization of the corresponding market access links is precisely to reform the institutional and institutional factors of market access from the source and further optimize the business environment.

　　Gao Qin Wei believes that the negative list of market access is constantly being "subtracted". No matter whether it is a state-owned enterprise, a private enterprise or a mixed-ownership enterprise, whether it is domestic or foreign, whether it is a large enterprise or a small or medium-sized enterprise, all of them are treated equally and enjoy the same market access conditions. At the same time, further standardizing the management authority and measures of governments at all levels in the market access link is conducive to breaking all forms of unreasonable restrictions and hidden barriers and stimulating the vitality of various market entities, especially the non-public economy.

　　Guo Liyan suggested that the hidden barriers in market access should be further removed in the future. Some market participants report that some items have been removed from the negative list of market access, but in the specific access process, they will still encounter such barriers. In the future, we should make a targeted list of hidden barriers, and investigate and solve them item by item.

　　Cartography/Gao Yue